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- Human Interface Note #7
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
- Note #7 Who's Zooming Whom?
-
- Written by: John Sullivan April 1990
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
- Further discussion about using the zoom box.
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- Introduction
-
- A click in the zoom box toggles a window between two states, the user state
- and the standard state. The user state, as its name implies, is set by the
- user. The standard state is defined by the Apple Human Interface Guidelines
- (p. 48) as "generally the full screen, or close to it...the size and location
- best suited to working on the document." That brief description has proven
- to be too brief in these days of larger and multiple monitors. This note is
- a more explicit guide to determining the appropriate standard state.
-
-
- Size of the Standard State
-
- When the zoom box was introduced, all Macintoshes had the same relatively
- small screen, so the "most useful" size of a window was almost always larger
- than the screen. Setting the standard state to the full screen size was,
- therefore, a good rule of thumb. This is no longer the case. These days,
- Macintosh monitors come in all shapes, sizes, and configurations, so
- applications should never simply assume that the standard state should be as
- large as the screen. Frequently the monitor is larger, sometimes much larger,
- than the most useful size for a window. Screen real estate is valuable, so
- screen-sized windows should be used only when they make sense.
-
- For example, a document for a word processor has a well-defined
- "most useful width" (the width of a page) and a variable "most useful height"
- (depending on the number of pages). Therefore, the width of the standard
- state should be the width of a page or the width of the screen, whichever is
- smaller, and the height of the standard state should be the height of the
- screen or the height of the document, whichever is smaller.
-
- Another example is a paint application whose documents are always exactly one
- page in size. In this case, the width of the standard state should be the
- width of a page or the width of the screen, whichever is smaller, and the
- height of the standard state should be the height of a page or the height
- of the screen, whichever is smaller.
-
- Yet another example is an application that displays pictures but does not
- let users edit them. Since its pictures cannot be modified, making a window
- larger than the pictures it displays would not be useful. Therefore, the
- width of the standard state should be the width of the picture or the width of
- the screen, whichever is smaller, and the height of the standard state should
- be the height of the picture or the height of the screen, whichever is smaller.
- Note that this means that different document windows from the same application
- may have different standard states.
-
-
- Position of the Standard State
-
- One of the basic principles of the Apple Desktop Interface is "perceived
- stability." Users are more comfortable in an environment that does not
- change in an apparently random manner; a window need not move just because it
- is changing in size. When toggling a window from the user state to the
- standard state, first determine the appropriate size of the standard state.
- If this size would fit completely on the screen without moving the upper-left
- corner of the window, keep this corner anchored. Otherwise, move the window
- to an appropriate default location (see Human Interface Note #6,
- Window Positions).
-
-
- The Standard State on Multiple Monitors
-
- Zooming behavior in multiple monitor environments should not violate any of
- the guidelines described herein, but it does introduce a single additional
- rule: the standard state should be on the monitor containing the largest
- portion of the window, not necessarily on the monitor with the menu bar.
- Note that this means the standard state for a single window may be on
- different monitors at different times if the user moves the window around.
- In any case, the standardstate for any window must always be fully contained
- on a single screen.
-
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- Further Reference
- o Macintosh Technical Note #79, _ZoomWindow
-
-